GAZ-14
| GAZ ⓘ | |
|---|---|
.JPG) GAZ-14 Chaika in Germany (2013)
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| GAZ-14 Chaika | |
| Sales designation: | ГАЗ-14 «Чайка» |
| Production period: | 1977–1988/89 |
| Class: | Upper class |
| Body versions: | Sedan, convertible, station wagon (one-offs). |
| Engines: | V8 gasoline engine: 5.53 liters (162 kW) |
| Length: | 6114 mm |
| Width: | 2020 mm |
| Height: | 1525 mm |
| Wheelbase: | 3450 mm |
| Unladen weight: | 2605 kg |
| Predecessor model | GAZ-13 Chaika |
| successor model | none |
The GAZ-14 "Chaika" (Russian ГАЗ-14 "Чайка") is a Soviet luxury-class passenger car built in series by Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod (GAZ) from 1977. It was ranked below the ZIL-4104 state sedan and served primarily as an official car for higher officials in the Soviet Union's state apparatus. The GAZ-14 is the successor of the GAZ-13 Chaika. In 1988/89 the production was stopped without replacement. GAZ has not built any luxury cars since then and withdrew from passenger car production altogether in 2010. Chaika is the Russian word for seagull. ⓘ
Vehicle history
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The Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod began designs for a successor to the GAZ-13 Chaika as early as the mid-1960s. An entire design team was tasked with comprehensively revising the vehicle both visually and technically. The first prototype series appeared in 1967. Although the design of the vehicles was strongly reminiscent of U.S. models, unlike its predecessor there was no clear model. In 1968 and 1969, the sedans were presented to the relevant state authorities for production approval. However, it took until the end of 1976 before the first production vehicle was completed. The GAZ-14 Chaika with the serial number 1 was presented to Leonid Brezhnev, then head of the CPSU, on his 70th birthday on December 19, 1976. ⓘ
Compared to the GAZ-13, there were various innovations on the vehicle. Not only was the body completely redesigned, but the technology was also revised. The engine block remained the same, but power and torque were increased. This also improved the performance of the passenger car. The acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h was shortened from 20 to 15 seconds, and the top speed was increased by 15 km/h to 175 km/h. The engine block remained the same, but the power and torque were increased. A three-speed automatic transmission with torque converter was still used, but the selector lever was installed in the center console. Previously, operation had been via pushbuttons on the dashboard. ⓘ
Compared to its predecessor, the GAZ-14 became both longer and wider. The wheelbase was extended by 20 cm and the track was widened by 5 cm. The number of seats and doors remained the same. The interior was completely redesigned; a total of 17 electric motors were used inside. To cover the high power consumption, a powerful alternator and two starter batteries were used. To be able to heat the car quickly even at low temperatures, a parking heater was provided. It takes ten minutes to warm the interior from -25 °C to +25 °C. A radio and a cassette player were also part of the equipment. ⓘ
During the 1980s, as with its predecessor, a small number of convertibles and ambulances based on the GAZ-14 Chaika were produced; the latter not in Gorky, but in Riga. The last GAZ-14 entered production in December 1988 and probably did not leave the plant until January 1989. It was the last luxury sedan produced at GAZ; today the manufacturer builds only commercial vehicles. ⓘ
Model variants
The GAZ-14 was built in three model variants, with a total of 1114 examples of the vehicle produced. The basic sedan version was by far the most frequently produced. ⓘ
In addition, there was a convertible, the GAZ-14-05, which was developed primarily for parades and the military. Only 15 were built and some were delivered to the Soviet Army; some are still in use today on appropriate occasions. The order was placed with GAZ in 1978; production began in 1982 and continued until 1988. ⓘ
As with its predecessor, the Riga Bus Factory produced a very small number of ambulances based on the GAZ-14, intended for use in high political circles. It was designated GAZ-RAF-3920 and was built from 1983. The body was lengthened and the roof was raised, creating a station wagon. One example was delivered to Cuba to Fidel Castro, where it was painted white; in the Soviet Union the vehicles were black. ⓘ
Technical data
For the basic model GAZ-14. ⓘ
- Engine: water-cooled eight-cylinder four-stroke gasoline engine, V8 with 90° cylinder bank angle
- Engine type: "GAZ-14
- Power: 220 hp (162 kW) at 4200 min-1
- displacement: 5530 cm³
- Bore: 100.0 mm
- stroke: 88,0 mm
- maximum torque: 451 Nm at 2700-2800 min-1
- compression ratio: 8.5:1
- engine weight: 380 kg
- mixture preparation: two carburetors, type K114-B (right) and K114-W (left)
- firing order: 1-5-4-2-6-3-7-8
- starter: ST-230G
- Alternator: G284
- on-board voltage: 12 V
- Transmission: three-speed automatic with planetary gearbox and hydrodynamic torque converter
- Top speed: 175 km/h
- Fuel consumption:
- 17.5 l/100 km at a constant 90 km/h
- 20.0 l/100 km at constant 120 km/h
- 29.0 l/100 km in city traffic
- Fuel tank capacity: 100 l gasoline, minimum 87 octane
- Acceleration 0...100 km/h: 15.0 s
- Braking distance from 80 km/h: 43.2 m
- Brake: hydraulically actuated front disc brakes and rear drum brakes, dual-circuit brake system
- Drive formula: 4×2 (rear-wheel drive) ⓘ
Dimensions and weights
- length: 6114 mm
- width: 2020 mm
- height: 1525 mm
- Wheelbase: 3450 mm
- track width front and rear: 1580 mm
- minimum ground clearance: 180 mm
- turning circle: 16,4 m diameter
- seating capacity: 7
- kerb weight: 2605 kg, also 2615 kg stated
- dry weight: 2425 kg
- payload: 7 persons + 70 kg or 560 kg in total
- Gross vehicle weight rating: 3175 kg
- Tire size: 9,35-15″ ⓘ